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25.6 Distributions

Octave has functions for computing the Probability Density Function (PDF), the Cumulative Distribution function (CDF), and the quantile (the inverse of the CDF) of a large number of distributions.

The following table summarizes the supported distributions (in alphabetical order).

Distribution PDF CDF Quantile
Beta Distribution betapdf betacdf betainv
Binomial Distribution binopdf binocdf binoinv
Cauchy Distribution cauchy_pdf cauchy_cdf cauchy_inv
Chi-Square Distribution chi2pdf chi2cdf chi2inv
Univariate Discrete Distribution discrete_pdf discrete_cdf discrete_inv
Empirical Distribution empirical_pdf empirical_cdf empirical_inv
Exponential Distribution exppdf expcdf expinv
F Distribution fpdf fcdf finv
Gamma Distribution gampdf gamcdf gaminv
Geometric Distribution geopdf geocdf geoinv
Hypergeometric Distribution hygepdf hygecdf hygeinv
Kolmogorov Smirnov Distribution Not Available kolmogorov_smirnov_cdf Not Available
Laplace Distribution laplace_pdf laplace_cdf laplace_inv
Logistic Distribution logistic_pdf logistic_cdf logistic_inv
Log-Normal Distribution lognpdf logncdf logninv
Pascal Distribution nbinpdf nbincdf nbininv
Univariate Normal Distribution normpdf normcdf norminv
Poisson Distribution poisspdf poisscdf poissinv
t (Student) Distribution tpdf tcdf tinv
Univariate Discrete Distribution unidpdf unidcdf unidinv
Uniform Distribution unifpdf unifcdf unifinv
Weibull Distribution wblpdf wblcdf wblinv

— Function File: betacdf (x, a, b)

For each element of x, returns the CDF at x of the beta distribution with parameters a and b, i.e., PROB (beta (a, b) <= x).

— Function File: betainv (x, a, b)

For each component of x, compute the quantile (the inverse of the CDF) at x of the Beta distribution with parameters a and b.

— Function File: betapdf (x, a, b)

For each element of x, returns the PDF at x of the beta distribution with parameters a and b.

— Function File: binocdf (x, n, p)

For each element of x, compute the CDF at x of the binomial distribution with parameters n and p.

— Function File: binoinv (x, n, p)

For each element of x, compute the quantile at x of the binomial distribution with parameters n and p.

— Function File: binopdf (x, n, p)

For each element of x, compute the probability density function (PDF) at x of the binomial distribution with parameters n and p.

— Function File: cauchy_cdf (x, lambda, sigma)

For each element of x, compute the cumulative distribution function (CDF) at x of the Cauchy distribution with location parameter lambda and scale parameter sigma. Default values are lambda = 0, sigma = 1.

— Function File: cauchy_inv (x, lambda, sigma)

For each element of x, compute the quantile (the inverse of the CDF) at x of the Cauchy distribution with location parameter lambda and scale parameter sigma. Default values are lambda = 0, sigma = 1.

— Function File: cauchy_pdf (x, lambda, sigma)

For each element of x, compute the probability density function (PDF) at x of the Cauchy distribution with location parameter lambda and scale parameter sigma > 0. Default values are lambda = 0, sigma = 1.

— Function File: chi2cdf (x, n)

For each element of x, compute the cumulative distribution function (CDF) at x of the chisquare distribution with n degrees of freedom.

— Function File: chi2inv (x, n)

For each element of x, compute the quantile (the inverse of the CDF) at x of the chisquare distribution with n degrees of freedom.

— Function File: chisquare_pdf (x, n)

For each element of x, compute the probability density function (PDF) at x of the chisquare distribution with n degrees of freedom.

— Function File: discrete_cdf (x, v, p)

For each element of x, compute the cumulative distribution function (CDF) at x of a univariate discrete distribution which assumes the values in v with probabilities p.

— Function File: discrete_inv (x, v, p)

For each component of x, compute the quantile (the inverse of the CDF) at x of the univariate distribution which assumes the values in v with probabilities p.

— Function File: discrete_pdf (x, v, p)

For each element of x, compute the probability density function (PDF) at x of a univariate discrete distribution which assumes the values in v with probabilities p.

— Function File: empirical_cdf (x, data)

For each element of x, compute the cumulative distribution function (CDF) at x of the empirical distribution obtained from the univariate sample data.

— Function File: empirical_inv (x, data)

For each element of x, compute the quantile (the inverse of the CDF) at x of the empirical distribution obtained from the univariate sample data.

— Function File: empirical_pdf (x, data)

For each element of x, compute the probability density function (PDF) at x of the empirical distribution obtained from the univariate sample data.

— Function File: expcdf (x, lambda)

For each element of x, compute the cumulative distribution function (CDF) at x of the exponential distribution with mean lambda.

The arguments can be of common size or scalar.

— Function File: expinv (x, lambda)

For each element of x, compute the quantile (the inverse of the CDF) at x of the exponential distribution with mean lambda.

— Function File: exppdf (x, lambda)

For each element of x, compute the probability density function (PDF) of the exponential distribution with mean lambda.

— Function File: fcdf (x, m, n)

For each element of x, compute the CDF at x of the F distribution with m and n degrees of freedom, i.e., PROB (F (m, n) <= x).

— Function File: finv (x, m, n)

For each component of x, compute the quantile (the inverse of the CDF) at x of the F distribution with parameters m and n.

— Function File: fpdf (x, m, n)

For each element of x, compute the probability density function (PDF) at x of the F distribution with m and n degrees of freedom.

— Function File: gamcdf (x, a, b)

For each element of x, compute the cumulative distribution function (CDF) at x of the Gamma distribution with parameters a and b.

See also: gamma, gammaln, gammainc, gampdf, gaminv, gamrnd.

— Function File: gaminv (x, a, b)

For each component of x, compute the quantile (the inverse of the CDF) at x of the Gamma distribution with parameters a and b.

See also: gamma, gammaln, gammainc, gampdf, gamcdf, gamrnd.

— Function File: gampdf (x, a, b)

For each element of x, return the probability density function (PDF) at x of the Gamma distribution with parameters a and b.

See also: gamma, gammaln, gammainc, gamcdf, gaminv, gamrnd.

— Function File: geocdf (x, p)

For each element of x, compute the CDF at x of the geometric distribution with parameter p.

— Function File: geoinv (x, p)

For each element of x, compute the quantile at x of the geometric distribution with parameter p.

— Function File: geopdf (x, p)

For each element of x, compute the probability density function (PDF) at x of the geometric distribution with parameter p.

— Function File: hygecdf (x, t, m, n)

Compute the cumulative distribution function (CDF) at x of the hypergeometric distribution with parameters t, m, and n. This is the probability of obtaining not more than x marked items when randomly drawing a sample of size n without replacement from a population of total size t containing m marked items.

The parameters t, m, and n must positive integers with m and n not greater than t.

— Function File: hygeinv (x, t, m, n)

For each element of x, compute the quantile at x of the hypergeometric distribution with parameters t, m, and n.

The parameters t, m, and n must positive integers with m and n not greater than t.

— Function File: hygepdf (x, t, m, n)

Compute the probability density function (PDF) at x of the hypergeometric distribution with parameters t, m, and n. This is the probability of obtaining x marked items when randomly drawing a sample of size n without replacement from a population of total size t containing m marked items.

The arguments must be of common size or scalar.

— Function File: kolmogorov_smirnov_cdf (x, tol)

Return the CDF at x of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov distribution,

                   Inf
          Q(x) =   SUM    (-1)^k exp(-2 k^2 x^2)
                 k = -Inf
     

for x > 0.

The optional parameter tol specifies the precision up to which the series should be evaluated; the default is tol = eps.

— Function File: laplace_cdf (x)

For each element of x, compute the cumulative distribution function (CDF) at x of the Laplace distribution.

— Function File: laplace_inv (x)

For each element of x, compute the quantile (the inverse of the CDF) at x of the Laplace distribution.

— Function File: laplace_pdf (x)

For each element of x, compute the probability density function (PDF) at x of the Laplace distribution.

— Function File: logistic_cdf (x)

For each component of x, compute the CDF at x of the logistic distribution.

— Function File: logistic_inv (x)

For each component of x, compute the quantile (the inverse of the CDF) at x of the logistic distribution.

— Function File: logistic_pdf (x)

For each component of x, compute the PDF at x of the logistic distribution.

— Function File: logncdf (x, mu, sigma)

For each element of x, compute the cumulative distribution function (CDF) at x of the lognormal distribution with parameters mu and sigma. If a random variable follows this distribution, its logarithm is normally distributed with mean mu and standard deviation sigma.

Default values are mu = 1, sigma = 1.

— Function File: logninv (x, mu, sigma)

For each element of x, compute the quantile (the inverse of the CDF) at x of the lognormal distribution with parameters mu and sigma. If a random variable follows this distribution, its logarithm is normally distributed with mean log (mu) and variance sigma.

Default values are mu = 1, sigma = 1.

— Function File: lognpdf (x, mu, sigma)

For each element of x, compute the probability density function (PDF) at x of the lognormal distribution with parameters mu and sigma. If a random variable follows this distribution, its logarithm is normally distributed with mean mu and standard deviation sigma.

Default values are mu = 1, sigma = 1.

— Function File: nbincdf (x, n, p)

For each element of x, compute the CDF at x of the Pascal (negative binomial) distribution with parameters n and p.

The number of failures in a Bernoulli experiment with success probability p before the n-th success follows this distribution.

— Function File: nbininv (x, n, p)

For each element of x, compute the quantile at x of the Pascal (negative binomial) distribution with parameters n and p.

The number of failures in a Bernoulli experiment with success probability p before the n-th success follows this distribution.

— Function File: nbinpdf (x, n, p)

For each element of x, compute the probability density function (PDF) at x of the Pascal (negative binomial) distribution with parameters n and p.

The number of failures in a Bernoulli experiment with success probability p before the n-th success follows this distribution.

— Function File: normcdf (x, m, s)

For each element of x, compute the cumulative distribution function (CDF) at x of the normal distribution with mean m and standard deviation s.

Default values are m = 0, s = 1.

— Function File: norminv (x, m, s)

For each element of x, compute the quantile (the inverse of the CDF) at x of the normal distribution with mean m and standard deviation s.

Default values are m = 0, s = 1.

— Function File: normpdf (x, m, s)

For each element of x, compute the probability density function (PDF) at x of the normal distribution with mean m and standard deviation s.

Default values are m = 0, s = 1.

— Function File: poisscdf (x, lambda)

For each element of x, compute the cumulative distribution function (CDF) at x of the Poisson distribution with parameter lambda.

— Function File: poissinv (x, lambda)

For each component of x, compute the quantile (the inverse of the CDF) at x of the Poisson distribution with parameter lambda.

— Function File: poisspdf (x, lambda)

For each element of x, compute the probability density function (PDF) at x of the poisson distribution with parameter lambda.

— Function File: tcdf (x, n)

For each element of x, compute the cumulative distribution function (CDF) at x of the t (Student) distribution with n degrees of freedom, i.e., PROB (t(n) <= x).

— Function File: tinv (x, n)

For each probability value x, compute the inverse of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the t (Student) distribution with degrees of freedom n. This function is analogous to looking in a table for the t-value of a single-tailed distribution.

— Function File: tpdf (x, n)

For each element of x, compute the probability density function (PDF) at x of the t (Student) distribution with n degrees of freedom.

— Function File: unidcdf (x, v)

For each element of x, compute the cumulative distribution function (CDF) at x of a univariate discrete distribution which assumes the values in v with equal probability.

— Function File: unidinv (x, v)

For each component of x, compute the quantile (the inverse of the CDF) at x of the univariate discrete distribution which assumes the values in v with equal probability

— Function File: unidpdf (x, v)

For each element of x, compute the probability density function (PDF) at x of a univariate discrete distribution which assumes the values in v with equal probability.

— Function File: unifcdf (x, a, b)

Return the CDF at x of the uniform distribution on [a, b], i.e., PROB (uniform (a, b) <= x).

Default values are a = 0, b = 1.

— Function File: unifinv (x, a, b)

For each element of x, compute the quantile (the inverse of the CDF) at x of the uniform distribution on [a, b].

Default values are a = 0, b = 1.

— Function File: unifpdf (x, a, b)

For each element of x, compute the PDF at x of the uniform distribution on [a, b].

Default values are a = 0, b = 1.

— Function File: wblcdf (x, scale, shape)

Compute the cumulative distribution function (CDF) at x of the Weibull distribution with shape parameter scale and scale parameter shape, which is

          1 - exp(-(x/shape)^scale)
     

for x >= 0.

— Function File: wblinv (x, scale, shape)

Compute the quantile (the inverse of the CDF) at x of the Weibull distribution with shape parameter scale and scale parameter shape.

— Function File: wblpdf (x, scale, shape)

Compute the probability density function (PDF) at x of the Weibull distribution with shape parameter scale and scale parameter shape which is given by

             scale * shape^(-scale) * x^(scale-1) * exp(-(x/shape)^scale)
     

for x > 0.