In this seminar I will introduce the space of slice L^2 functions over the quaternions and I will present a characterization result for (simply and doubly) invariant subspaces for the shift operator, recently obtained in collaboration with Alessandro Monguzzi. Besides its own interest, our result gives a different proof for the quaternionic analog of the classical Beurling Theorem and allows us to obtain an inner-outer factorization for functions in the quaternionic Hardy space.